RUBAB

RUBAB

RUBAB

Rubab, robab or rabab (Pashto: رباب‎, Urdu: رباب‎, Azerbaijani: Rübab, Turkish: Rübab, Persian: رُباب‎ rubāb, Tajik and Uzbek рубоб) is a lute-like musical instrument originating from central Afghanistan.[1] It derives its name from the Arab rebab which means "played with a bow" but in Central Asia the instrument is plucked and is distinctly different in construction. The rubab is mainly used by Pashtun, Tajik, Turkish, Kashmiri, Baluch, Azerbaijani, and Iranian Kurdish classical musicians. Rubab is one of the national musical instruments of Afghanistan.

Name of Rubab by size

  • large: Shah Rubab شاه رباب (Persian: شاه رباب‎, King Size), 21 strings like, 15 sympathetic strings, Shahrud, Shahnai Ney in King Size, Shahtar (Large string). (see to Rubabnamah (Persian: رباب نامه‎) of Sultan Walad, son of Rumi from Balkh.
  • medium-sized: Rubab (Persian: رباب‎), 19 strings, 13 sympathetic strings
  • small-sized: Zaliche (Persian: زيلچ

    Components of Rubab

        Kassah or Kasseh (Persian: کاسه‎) = bowl, Shell
     Badanah or Badaneh (Persian: بدنه‎) = body
       Safah or Safeh (Persian: صفحه‎) = side
       Dastah or Desteh (Persian: دسته‎) = Neck (music)
      Goshi (Persian: گوشی‌‎) = Tuning peg
        Sheitanak (little devil) (Persian: شیطانک‎) Nut (string instrument)
        Seemgeer (Persian: سیم گیر‎) = Site for binding the strings below the Corpus
      Sar Penjah or Ser Panjeh (Persian: سر پنجه‎) or Taj(Persian: تاج‎)
      Pust (Persian: پوست‎) = Pelt or Skin of goat
      Kharak ("little donkey" or trestle) (Persian: خرک‎) = Bridge (instrument), secured on fur
     Mezrab (Persian: مضراب‎)= Plectrum

  • CONSTRUCTION

    The rubab is a short-necked lute whose body is carved out of a single piece of wood, with a membrane, covering the hollow bowl of the sound-chamber, upon which the bridge is positioned. It has three melody strings tuned in fourths, two or three drone strings and up to 15 sympathetic strings. The instrument is made from the trunk of a mulberry tree, the head from an animal skin such as goat, and the strings either gut (from the intestines of young goats, brought to the sizeof thread) or nylon. 

  • HISTORY


    The rubab is known as "the lion of instruments" and is one of the two national instruments of Afghanistan (with the zerbaghali). Classical Afghan music often features this instrument as a key component. Elsewhere it is known as the Kabuli rebab. It is the ancestor of the South Asian sarod, though — unlike the sarod — it is a fretted instrument.[9]
    The rubab is attested from the 7th century CE. It is mentioned in old Persian books, and many Sufi poets mention it in their poems. It is the traditional instrument of Khorasan[vague]and today it is widely used in countries such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, India, Iran, Turkey, Iraq, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.[10]
    The rubab holds as the first instrument used by Sikhism; it was used by Bhai Mardana the companion of Guru Nanak. Whenever a shabad was revealed to Guru Nanak he would sing it and Bhai Mardana would play it on his rubab; he was known as a rubabi. The rubab playing tradition is carried on by some Sikhs such as Namdharis
    In Tajikistan a similar but somewhat distinct rubab-i-pamir (Pamiri rubab) is played, having a shallower body and neck.[11] The rubab of the Pamir area has six gut strings, one of which, rather than running from the head to the bridge, is attached partway down the neck, similar to the fifth string of the American banjo

  • BEST PLAYERS

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